New MeasuringTechnologies for mechanised Tunnelling

Quelle/credit: M. Entacher

Force paths of three discs fitted with measurement sensors for in situ
measurement in the Koralm Tunnel, contract section KAT2

Quelle/credit: M. Entacher

Results of cutting force measurement superimposed on the face mapping

Quelle/credit: M. Entacher

Quelle/credit: Wenighofer et al.

Camera system mounted in the cutter head with control unit (above right) and camera unit (above left and below)

Quelle/credit: Wenighofer et al.

Quelle/credit: Wenighofer

Left: colour-coded relief presentation of the face in keeping with colour scale in [m] left, camera tracks (black concentric circles) and incipient rim area at the edge (dark blue); right: cutter head with blue coloured discs. The arrows indicate possible assembly points for the camera unit

Quelle/credit: Wenighofer

Orthophoto of the full TBM face as the result of photogrammetric evaluation (left) with details (right)

Quelle/credit: Wenighofer

Above: face images from Fig. 5 as colour-coded relief presentation (elevation scale in [m] above left); below: number of discs simultaneously not intervening over a full rotation of the cutter head owing to a cavity

Quelle/credit: Wenighofer

Quelle/credit: Wenighofer et al.

Segment test stand at the Montanuniversität Leoben, Chair or Subsurface Engineering

Quelle/credit: Wenighofer et al.

Quelle/credit: Wenighofer

Comparing vertical displacements, measured with draw wire displacement sensors and the 3D laser scanner
Z&F Imager 5010X

Quelle/credit: Wenighofer

Quelle/credit: K. Chmelina

Areal 360 degree recording by a segment scanner

Quelle/credit: K. Chmelina

Quelle/credit: Wenighofer et al.

Above: extracted contours of the segmental lining presented in light grey, extracted ring joints shown in black: below: automated extracted presentation of the cross-section at both sides of the ring joint shown above with misalignment profile. The misalignments are exaggerated

Quelle/credit: Wenighofer et al.

Quelle/credit: [20]

Automated extraction of the longitudinal joints in the proximity of four rings and approximation of the segments T1 and T2 via cylinder fit (radii and
difference of angle between the segment axes)

Quelle/credit: [20]

Efficient measuring technologies represent an essential prerequisite for successfully concluding tunnel projects. Ongoing accomplishment of such projects spurs on the development of new measuring technologies and the optimisation of existing ones. Current innovations focus particularly on the driving area of tunnel boring machines (TBMs). This article thus concentrates on a method for the continuous measurement of cutting disc forces, the geological 3D
documentation of the TBM face, using a camera system, and a 3D laser scanner system for
monitoring the tunnel lining. The new measuring technologies provide a rich field of research and contribute towards a deeper understanding of the interaction between TBM and rock.

Introduction

Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are increasingly being applied for major projects such as the Koralm, Semmering Base or Brenner Base Tunnels, as they permit higher rates of advance to be achieved. However, the use of TBMs still involves ample optimisation potential. This relates for example to improved monitoring of the cutting process and the tools involved, a more objective, digital documentation of the face as well as better and more comprehensive evaluation of the deformations of the tunnel lining. This report puts forward new measuring technologies devised to increase this...